Identity in logos and club colours

Club colours often emulate the city’s colours: red for Amsterdam, blue for the Gulf of Naples. And logos often refer to the city’s symbol or a local landmark, like the cannon in Arsenal’s emblem. Loyal fans, like Cardiff City’s supporters, resent the introduction of new logos. These innovations are part of the commercialisation that dominates today’s game. Real supporters are the fans, not the businessmen in their sky boxes.